Jerome K. Jerome “A Victim to One Hundred and Seven Fatal Maladies”

The text is written by an English writer and humorist Jerome K. Jerome, best known for the comic travelogue â€Å"Three Men in a Boat†. The story is about one young healthy men who thought he became â€Å"a victim to one hundred and seven fatal maladies†. The story is written by a humorist, that’s why it contains a lot of different funny moments and special stylistic devises. The first one we met already in the name of the story â€Å"A victim to one hundred and seven fatal maladies†. This phrase has an ironical tone. We understand that one man can’t have one hundred and seven fatal maladies at once.The title let us to understand that something will be wrong with the main character, but probably the author will just ridicule certain type of people. So, one man after reading some medical books decided that he had all of fatal diseases at once, and came to the doctor to tell about his trouble. The doctor said nothing but wrote a prescription, which he lped the patient to recover, despite it didn’t contain any medicaments. The story can be divided into 3 logical parts – story proper, climax and denouement.The story has no exposition, because it begins directly with activity of the main character, who was sitting in the library and reading a book about diseases. In the story proper we knew the whole information about the central character of the story. Generally, the text is built around such human character trait as hypochondria. The author chose an interesting way to describe this mental instability – the whole text is written with irony. We can feel it already in the beginning of the story: â€Å"I sat for a while frozen with horror; and than in despair I again turned over the pages.I came to typhoid fever – read the symptoms – discovered that I had typhoid fever – began to get interested in my case, and so started alphabetically†¦ and the only disease I had not got was housemaidâ €™s knee†. After these words we understand what kind of man is the main person and may be smb. found himself in it. It’s very funny to read about the man who thought he had all the diseases of the world, but honestly speaking if I was on his place I would be scary because of all these diseases.The main person impressed me because in spite of such number of diseases he didn’t cry, shout or go into hysteric, conversely he apples to himself with irony. We can feel it in his thoughts and statements: â€Å"I sat and thought what an interesting case I must be from a medical point of view. Students would have no need to â€Å"walk the hospitals† if they had me. I was a hospital in myself. All they need do would be to walk round me, and, after that, take their diploma† or during the conversation with the doctor â€Å"I will not take up your time, dear boy, with telling you what is the matter with me.Life is short and you might pass away before I had fi nished. But I will tell you what is not the matter with me. Everything else, however, I have got†. I think that hypochondria of the main personage is in a bad case, because he had not only all the symptoms of the diseases he had read in the book, but even thought up several complications. To describe this the author used antithesis: â€Å"I tried to examine myself. I felt my pulse. I could not at first feel any pulse at all.Then, all of sudden, it seemed to start off. I pulled out my watch and timed it. I made it a 100 and 47 to the minute. I tried to feel my heart. I could not feel my heart. It had stopped beating†. The climax of irony and self-irony of the story, I think, is in these 2 phrases – â€Å"I had walked into the reading-room a happy, healthy man. I crawled out a miserable wreck†. It’s very funny and very sad simultaneous, because we understand that the only disease this man had was his mental instability.And the main character itself un derstood that he was absolutely happy and healthy man before he read about the diseases, but after it he felt totally ill, even though he understood nothing in medicine and he could not determine if he had those symptoms or not. The denouement of the story comes gradually from the visiting of the doctor through the situation in the chemist’s up to recovery of the main person. The key role here played the doctor. He knew our personage for a long time and was his old chum, that is why he immediately understood what was going on and what was the matter with the patient.The doctor knew an approach to this person. He wrote such a funny prescription, because he knew that suspicious people like to treat themselves and he knew that the patient would follow each word he wrote in the prescription. And the focus succeeded – the man ate 1 pound beefsteak and drank 1 pint bear every 6 hours, made 1 ten-mile walk every morning, and took 1 bed at 11 every night, and, lo and behold, à ¢â‚¬â€œ â€Å"I followed the directions with the happy result that my life was preserved and is still going on†.Happy end ? So, the story is over, but I think it is the end only for one part of the whole story, I mean the story of the personage’s life. I think it is not the end, because the question is the difficult mental trouble and one funny prescription can’t solve this seriously problem. I think that man would be happy and healthy until he read one more book or article or watched a TV-show about a new fatal disease. People with such problems must consult not with subject matter experts but with mental specialists, and only in this case they will have chance to become really happy and healthy.

Essay Dramatistic Analysis on Breaking Bad Essay

Cady is going to encounter psychological struggle and unwritten social rules that teenage girls face today. Through the Marxist perspective, the movie will be analyzed in order to show how sometimes the pull to conform to hegemony is so important that we have no choice that letting us be dragged to respect the established hierarchy. Mean Girls is an excellent artifact, worthy of investigation in the way that it shows how we expect teenage girls to act, but also how difficult it is for them to refrain from acting that way. When using the Marxist perspective, we begin by identifying the subject positions, as models or anti-models. Mean Girls provides clear subject positions about the models – characters that viewers are encouraged to want to be like, and the anti-models – characters that viewers are encouraged to no want to be like. Thus, the models appear to be â€Å"The Plastics†, a group composed of the three teenage girls Regina George, Gretchen Wieners and Karen Smith. By analyzing â€Å"The Plastics†, it seems like teenage girls need to follow a specific pattern in order to be popular. That is to say, on a physical standpoint, teenage girls need to be thin, pretty, and wear tight and revealing clothes, while on a behavioral standpoint, they spend their time gossiping, partying, dating, and talking about boys, rather than focusing on their academic success. On top of the hierarchy is Regina George, and the two other â€Å"Plastics† are her subordinate. On the contrary, the anti-models, challenging the status quo and considered as abnormal or undesirable are represented by Janice and Damien. Both of them are belonging to the oppressed group, or the group that is considered as â€Å"inferior† and â€Å"subordinate† to the dominant group. Mean Girls depicts how easy it is for a dominant group (â€Å"The Plastics†) to impose its ideology on other groups. The interests of the empowered group are then promoting as being natural. Indeed, in Mean Girls, the dominant social group keeps the control over the other groups because nobody dares challenging the authority claimed by â€Å"The Plastic†. â€Å"The Plastics† keep their status quo by oppressing and manipulating the other subordinate groups. They dictate how things should be. The positive power of popularity combined with the negative disempowerment of being unpopular and rejected ultimately reinforces hegemony. That is to say, those who are popular are empowered even if popularity is just a facade for these teenage girls, and those who are not popular are disempowered. By focusing on Cady Heron, and observing how from an innocent teenage girl, she becomes a terrible â€Å"Plastic†, we can deduce that once accepted by the dominant group, people have trouble in seeing the flaws and drawbacks of the hegemony they are in. In order for them to be aware of it, they have to become a member of the subordinate group. Only the anti-models characters are able to see how wrong is the hierarchy they live in, and are willing to change it in order to create a more equal system. Mean Girls proposed both a preferred and an oppositional view on the hegemony. Indeed, from the beginning to the middle of the movie, Mean Girls brings a preferred reading with Cady altering her original beliefs, joining the dominant group and becoming a â€Å"Plastic†. Cady’s desire to respect conformity can be explained by a need to fit in and avoid ridicule. As a consequence, the viewers, siding with her, support the status quo. On the other hand, from the middle to the end of the movie, Mean Girls gives an oppositional reading by considering that â€Å"The Plastics† ought not to be empowered, in order to have a more equal system. Indeed, by the middle of the movie, Cady understands that her destructive behavior made her loose her two closest friends (Janice and Damien). She also realizes she needs to stop acting like a â€Å"Plastic† and to categorize people according to superficial traits, and that she should start considering people according to different characteristics (intelligence over beauty for example). As a consequence, Cady, desirous of putting things right, starts to think how she could readjust the hegemony around her. Thus, she considers destroying the hegemony reigning at school in order to challenge the status quo. At that time, the movie gives the viewers an oppositional reading rejecting the hegemony. In spite of the casualty and frivolity of the topic addressed (teenage girls movie), Mean Girls is still interesting to study because it gives us some interesting and engaging acumen into Marxist perspective and hegemony. Mean Girls shows us how hard it is to resist hegemony when everyone else is subjected to it. Mean Girls also makes viewers being more critical about how hegemony is reproduced in regular patterns of life, like the passage in high school for example.

Analysing Law Case Study

The issue(s) in the case i.e. what is this case all about The case involves the establishment of wind turbines in the region of Taralga an idea that has been opposed by the residents because of the feared environment implication and the physical disturbance to the natural setting. The relevant law that applies in this case The applicable law, in this instance, is Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000. The application of this law is because of the certain cases that the judge referred to while making the ruling. First, the judge turns to the case of Roseth SC in Tenacity Consulting v Warringah Council (2004) 134 LGERA 23, at paras 25 to. While considering the different facts in the two cases, the judge observed that the project, if operated under the planning principles of environmental conservation will not have any serious impact on the landscape[1]. Further, the judge also did refer to the case of Genesis Power Limited & Anor v Franklin District Council [2005] NZRMA 541. The case also was about the wind farm along the coast of New Zealand. These two cases were used to by the judge to demonstrate to the applicant and general public that always there would be concerns about the environment whenever mega projects are commissioned, and that should not be a reason to stop prime development agendas[2]. How the Judge applied the law to the case The judge did use the case demonstrate the project lead to local area development. He maintained that through detailed environmental assessment and appropriate measures taken, the locals would benefit[3].   Roseth SC in Tenacity Consulting v Warringah Council (2004) In this case, the subject was different views held about development as opposed to what the law says. The aspects of value, consideration, qualitative assessment, and reasonability of the proposal determine the merit of each project[4]. Genesis Power Limited & Anor v Franklin District Council [2005] NZRMA This case was about establishing a wind farm at the cost of New Zealand. The appeal sought to establish if the construction, operations and other maintenance structures of the project at the coastal environment. The two issues raised by the applicant is the visual and noise from the project and if it is important to move the project to another environment.   The verdict of the current case could have been different given the magnitude of the impact that the project was to cause to the residents, property, and landscape. The impact is a bit escalated[5]. The public policy issues that were addressed by the judge include the effects of visual, noise, flora impact, fauna, and property. The judge addressed the issues by maintaining that even though these problems are eminent, proper management could help mitigate the effects and the locals benefit from the wind farm engines[6]. Getting academic assistance from

Business Communication Issues in an Organization Assignment

Business Communication Issues in an Organization - Assignment Example Johansson (93-110) gave example of Swedish organizations where business communication is being used as the strategic medium to convey the message to different departments, internal stakeholders’ & external stakeholders and shareholders. Gregory (215-23) defined communication as the material flow of imagination, views and understanding between two or more parties and in such context, business communication can be defined as the material flow of imagination, information, views and understanding between internal stakeholders or different business entities. Research Subject: Previous researchers stressed on the role of business communication in the organization rather arguing for establishing a common definition of business communication. But, focus of this paper is not to shed light on aspects of business communication in a business organization rather key objective of the study is to shed light business communication issues in educational university. ... Due to such arguments of previous researchers, this study has decided to check efficiency of intra-department communication in the university and finding out, whether there is any scope exist for increasing efficiency of communication between various university department or not? Being a student of renowned Alghurair University (AGU) has decreased the choice bias for the researcher and the researcher has selected Alghurair University (AGU) as the sample organization in this paper.    The university faces difficulty regarding communicating the message to all the departments with equal integrity and such disruption of communication might caused due to various communications barrier. Research Background & Problem Statement: Alghurair University (AGU) has many colleges such as College of Law, College of interior design, College of business studies and College of engineering & computing etc. Now, the problem is that numerous departments have been created by the University authority in o rder to maintain process flow in these departments but for some times now, the departments are facing challenges regarding communicating with each other and also delivering information in accurate and timely manner to students. According to limited knowledge of researcher, although many of the students faced difficulties regarding ambiguous intra-department communication in the university but till date, no researcher ever tried to shed light on the topic. Hence, statement of problem for the research paper is to â€Å"identify existing problems in intra-department communication in Alghurair University (AGU) and find suitable recommendation to increase the level of

Individual assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual assignment - Essay Example During the marketing strategies that Unilever implements for their brands, they can get to know through the response of the customers about which marketing activity has been successful for a particular brand and which strategy has been unsuccessful. Different types of management strategies are applicable during the various circumstances and therefore Unilever always need to learn and have an awareness of the latest management practices that facilitates the organization to become a successful organization. The strategies that are developed by Unilever cannot be kept on being implemented always and forever. It needs to change according to the market results of the products of Unilever. So accordingly after the marketing of the products, Unilever learns which are the most appropriate and suitable strategy that should be implemented in their organization. The learning is school is quite applicable and can be strongly related to Unilever. The industry has some benchmarked management practices and procedures that if applied by organizations will allow the organizations to become successful. Unilever as it is a professional organization and strives to maintain its market leader position need to focus on the benchmarked rules that are present in the industry. The various strategies being implemented in Unilever is emerged as the organization is proceeding further and they adapt to the changing market environments and then learn to change their strategies according to the market demand and implement those strategies that may attract the customers towards their organization’s product. Unilever at times may face complex and unpredictable situations from their competitors and this may cause pressure on the organization as they may have to immediately change their strategies of working and marketing their products. Unilever being a

Quality Management System - Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quality Management System - Question - Essay Example tivity: A Brief Survey†). b) From the above calculations, it can be inferred that the Labor Productivity of Firm A is much less compared to its competitor Firm B and hence Firm A needs to improve its productivity per unit labor employed. Thus, Firm A should focus more into Human Resource Optimization in order to improve their labor productivity. The Plant & Equipment productivity of both the firms is same implying that both have utilized their assets by the same extent. The material productivity is also almost same. In terms of royalty, Firm A seems to be in a better position compared to its competitor Firm B as it has better sales value. The energy productivity of Firm A is much higher than Firm B implying that it has utilized its energy component optimally. The total productivity of both the firms is also almost the same, while Firm A utilizes it energy component better, Firm B optimizes its labor utilization. Thus, it can be inferred from the total productivity that the pros pect of Firm A seems to be slightly superior then Firm B. Problem 2 Histogram for Hours of Overtime It can be inferred from the above histogram that 12 employees which is 40% of the entire number of employees fall in the range of (93 – 185) overtime hours. The range (0-92) overtime hours and (186-278) overtime hours have 7 employees each which is equivalent to 23.3% of the total no. of employees. There are two employees each who fall in the overtime hours range of (279-371) and (372-464). The mean value of the overtime hours is 167.26 hours and it can be noted from the histogram that more than 50% of the total employees have overtime hours less than the mean. To conclude, it can be seen that the hours of overtime appear to be normally distributed amongst the 30 employees. Histogram for Days Absent The above histogram shows that almost half of the total employees (i.e. 14 which is 46.6% of the total) has number of days absent ranging from (0 – 1.2) days. Subsequently th e next highest figure of workers’ absence days falls in the range from (2.6 – 3.8) days. There are 6 employees whose days of absence fall in the range of (1.3 - 2.5) days while there are only 3 employees (10% out of total employees) whose absence days fall in the range between (5.2 - 6.4) days. From the distribution of histogram it can be revealed, more than half of total workers (63% of the total employees) have absence days which are less than the mean value of 1.93 days. To conclude, the distribution of histogram appears to be shifted to the left which means most workers have absence days less than the mean value. Problem 3 The data overtime hours and

Food and Drug Association Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Food and Drug Association - Assignment Example Restriction on the extensive use of the tobacco products, nutritional appendages, preparation and over-the-counter medications, vaccines, and different kinds of biopharmaceuticals products. In common words, one can define FDA as a â€Å"scientific, regulatory, and public health agency† (Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 2013). The agency grew from a single chemist in the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 1862 to a staff of approximately 9,100 employees by 2001. The history of FDA is also an eventful one. It was initially known as Division of Chemistry and later on, after 1901 it was started to know as Bureau of Chemistry. The organization started to enjoy the power of regulating the operation of various companies after the implementation of Federal Food and Drugs Act by the US government in the year of 1906. The name was changed to the Food, Drug, and Insecticide Administration in July 1927 and from 1930 onwards the present name was incorporated (Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy, 2013). The act of 1906 was replaced in the year of 1936 in the USA when Tennessee Drug Company brings together and marketed a form of the new sulfa wonder drug, Elixir Sulfanilamide- which was a medicine for pediatric patients. The product was launched in the US market untested and the result was horrible. The solvent of this medi cine was highly toxic in nature which was the main reason behind the death of over 100 people in the country. Most of them were children. To control the anger of the people and at the same time make the food and drug products more secured the US government under the leadership of President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act on 1938. This made the functioning of all different companies more systematic and there was more rigorous monitoring in place in terms of the standard and quality of the finished goods, the process associated with the production, quality, and standard of raw materials used etc.  

Independent Contractor or Regular Employee Assignment

Independent Contractor or Regular Employee - Assignment Example Statsky, Robert and Pamela (64) asserts that factors that need to be put into consideration are numerous but the main ones include, but not limited to the one summarized in the table below. An agency can be created by either through authorization by appointment (express authority) or authorization by the principal’s conduct (apparent authority). For the case where one is created through express authority and individual is chosen to act on behalf or for another. Here, there is no specific language used and the words used are adequate to show that an individual wishes to be represented by another. Mostly the mandate is issued verbally or through a resolution by the board of directors (Statsky, Robert and Pamela p 336). On the other hand, apparent authority is where the agent has the authority in cases when the principal, his words or conduct is rational in persuading the third party that the individual is authorized with the duty of binding the principal. Conduct that might include words that make agent not to doubt the principal agreement of them acting as an agent is enough to create an agency. The law finds the conduct of a person consenting knowingly and without objection for another person to be their agent to be an expression of authorization to the agent. This will keep away the possibility of the principal denying the fact that the agent was authorized. Always, the principal is estopped from refuting the agency thereby defending the third party who came into agreement with the agent in good faith (Statsky, Robert and Pamela p 444). Â  

Effects of the second war Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Effects of the second war - Research Paper Example Such a policy revealed ?an eagerness, a desire, not to hinder the ag- gressors in their nefarious work.? The western powers allowed Germany to have Austria, ?despite the undertaking to defend her independence; they let her have the Sudeten region; they abandoned Czechoslovakia to her fate.? Finally, Stalin enunciated Soviet policy towards its neighbors: We stand for peaceful, close and friendly relations with all neighboring countries which have common frontiers with the U.S.S.R. That is our position; and we shall adhere to this position as long as these countries maintain like relations with the Soviet Union, and as long as they make no attempt to trespass, directly or indirectly, on the integrity and inviola- bility of the frontiers of the Soviet state. He concluded with a warning to the Party ?to be cautious and not to allow our country to be drawn into conflicts by war- mongers who are accustomed to have others pull the chestnuts out of the fire for them.?11 Was Stalin's statemen t a revolution in Soviet foreign policy or was he restating an old hope, agreement with Germany over Eastern Europe? He was probably attempting to warn Britain and France not to leave the Soviet Union to face Germany alone. From Berlin there was silence. Although Ribbentrop brought the speech to Hitler's attention suggesting that he be authorized to learn more about Stalin's intentions, Hitler was uninterested. Alexei Merekalov, the Soviet ambassador, brought a message from the Kremlin to the German Foreign Ministry on April 17. Ostensibly the reason for his visit was the matter of Soviet con- tracts with the Skoda works in Czechoslovakia for war materi- als. However, Merekalov proceeded to lead Ernst von Weizsaecker, the state secretary, into a discussion of German-Polish relations and finally came around to the subject of Russo-German affairs. At last Merekalov got to the point: ideological differences, he suggested, need not be a ?stumbling block? to friendly relations. ?Russia h ad not exploited the present friction between Germany and the western democracies against us [Germany], nor did she wish to do that.?12 There was no reason for Russia and Germany not to enjoy normal relations. In contrast to Weizsaecker's account, according to Soviet doc- uments released in 1990 and 1992, the meeting was not the occasion of a Soviet hint at a possible rapprochement. The signal of detente was coming from the Germans. Merekalov was merely following instructions in presenting Soviet complaints concern- ing Germany's failure to fulfill contracts of the former Czecho- slovak Skoda factories. Merekalov made no plea for improved Russo-German relations. It is quite possible that Weizsaecker's account is the more accurate. Meanwhile, Britain and France embarked on tortuous nego- tiations with the Soviet government. On April 14, the British gov- ernment pressed the Soviet Union to make a public declaration promising to assist any European neighbor of the Soviet Union who resi sted aggression if such assistance was desired. Britain would not be involved in this declaration. France, however, made a different proposal involving France going to war against Germany if Poland or Romania were to be attacked. France would aid the Soviet Union if it were at war as a result of aid- ing Poland or Romania. Litvinov replied on April 17 with a proposal for a triple al- liance in which Britain, France, and the Soviet Union would aid each other in case of aggression against

JFK'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

JFK'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS - Essay Example He was the youngest man who happened to be the President of America (This is Day in History - John F. Kennedy inaugurated) JFKS Inaugural address was mainly based on the peace, world change, freedom, rights of the people and relations with the neighbor states, including the world as a whole. The major goal of his campaign defined his eventual presidency during the time of diplomatic challenges, emerging social challenges and economic prosperity. Immediately after receiving the Oath, President Kennedy addressed the speech, which he had been preparing from the time of his nomination. His speech just not contained his personal thoughts but also the suggestions he took from the fellow economists. The main idea of the speech was to represent the United States as such a force which effectively counts in maintaining the peaceful relationships, on international level. Kennedy highlighted the new inventions and discoveries of nuclear power worldwide, along with arms. He didn’t favor the dangerous discoveries are not important and in interest of the world peace by addressing that, â€Å"to those nations w ho would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin a new that quest for peace† (Kennedy Inaugural Address, 1961). The actual focus of the speech was on the relationship between duty and power. The statement by Kennedy, â€Å"Man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life† (Kennedy Inaugural Address, 1961), proves his point that he was addressing in the favor of the whole world not only Americans. His above statement clarifies his motto that he wanted to spread peace into the whole by dismantling the goals of those states, whose priorities were to bring out Cold Wars. Kennedy referred to those people who were residing in small villages globally, struggling to live their lives, by saying that

A passionate and powerful poet Essay Example for Free

A passionate and powerful poet Essay Sheenagh Pugh is for me, a passionate and powerful poet; the majority of her poetry has contained the themes of the earth and how it will be ruined if we are not careful. Even within her childrens poetry, these themes are prominent. The other major theme within the poetry of Sheenagh Pugh is the bible this theme is quite often in association with divine love for earth. She deals with this in a startlingly refreshing and compassionate way, often with the sense of melancholy but never with depression. Sheenagh Pugh refers in the title of The craft I left in was called Esau  that the pilots name is Esau and she is suggesting that mankind has made a bad bargain like Esau did in the bible. The settings of the poems are different from each other; The craft I left in was called Esau is set in an spacecraft while Do you think Well ever get to see Earth again, Sir? is set in a classroom on a different planet evoking memories of home.  In Do you think well ever see earth again, sir? the setting is in a classroom and the teacher referring about earth. Sheenagh Pugh has set this poem in another world and in a class because she wants to show how it would make us think of home. She is uprooted from her culture or roots and she speaks I cant fancy a tour through the ruins of my home which suggests that she has no intentions of seeing her old traditions and earth. The theme of Sheenagh Pugh poems are to present us with a sad view of the future and a grim warning of what could be. In the craft I left in was called Esau Sheenagh Pugh mentions People joked nervously; just like a plane flight this suggests that people are joking to make themselves feel better to forget the true purpose of this trip, to forget that theyll never return.  I would have you ten years before the flood: this image gives the picture of how extreme his eternal love is and to what extent it goes. This effect of this is dramatic to the reader and builds up tension. The language of the poem becomes more positive as it progresses. The first stanza up to line ten, with its image of a woman in a trip ready to leave and never to return. The questions in the second section of the poem suggest progress towards understanding and the exclamations in the final section give the impression of sadness and remorse. In the second part she mentions No bother, no big deal. I cant recall feeling sad, not then which suggests the mood that the person is in a sad mood. The poet says that she cannot remember being sad at that moment in time but in line 12 not then she indicates she did feel sad at some point. We dont exactly when, but at some stage, she felt remorse and sad. In do you think well ever see earth again, sir? Sheenagh Pugh has been critical of Earth. The but in line 11 signals a change in direction. The speaker changes his/her approach completely and becomes optimistic. Sheenagh Pugh uses alliteration should see something to describe some beautiful thing like a leaf. This type of language gives a dramatic effect as we start to feel as we are ruining the earth and how we will remember it in the grim future. Towards the end of the craft I left in was called Esau, the passengers looked back in line 20 as they struggle to look ahead. They are still looking back to what theyre leaving behind. She mentions that earth is quite small really compared to the rest of the universe. The poet compares Earth to a guesthouse and we are just passing time on it but Earth is our permanent home. This gives us a grim warning of what could happen if we are not to careful. In do you think well ever get to see earth, sir? The speaker says at the end Look at it with the inside of your head, look at it for later, look at it for ever, and look at it once for me which suggests that the speaker wished that he/she looked at these simple things the last time they saw them? The speaker regrets not savoring the little moments and this is what Sheenagh Pugh is trying to get over the message to us to look after the earth as well not see it again once it has gone.  The language and structure of Sheenagh Pughs poems are to convey that we have to look after earth. She gets this message thought by using language as alliteration like in do you think line 11 should see some and similes in the craft I left line 7 people joked neverously; like a plane flight to show us what can happen in the near future.

Organizational Culture Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture is the sum total of the organization’s past and current assumptions, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together and are expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, express or suggest contracts, written and unwritten rules that the organization develops over time and that have worked well enough to be considered valid. Culture is a very powerful force at the workplace, which is consciously and deliberately cultivated and is passed on to the incoming employees. It reflects the true nature and personality of an organization. Basically, organizational culture is the personality of the organization. Culture is comprised of the assumptions, values, norms and artifacts of organization members and their behaviors. Members of an organization will sense the particular culture of an organization soon. Culture is one of those terms that are difficult to express distinctly, but everyone knows it when he or she sense it. For example, the culture of a large profit corporation is quite different than that of a hospital which is quite different from that of a university. You can tell the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, from employees behavior, what members wear, and many more. Similar to what you can use to get a feeling about someones personality. Corporate culture can be looked at as a system. Inputs include feedback from, for e.g., society, professions, laws, stories, heroes, values on competition or service, and many more. The process is based on our assumptions, values and norms, e.g., our values on money, time, facilities, space and people. Outputs or effects of our culture are, e.g., organizational behaviors, technologies, strategies, image, products, services, appearance, and many more. The concept of culture is particularly important when attempting to manage organization-wide change. Practitioners are coming to realize that, despite the best-laid plans, organizational change includes not only changing structures and processes, but also the corporate culture. Theres been a great deal of literature generated over the past decade about the concept of organizational culture particularly in regard to learning how to change organizational culture. Organizational change efforts are said to fail the majority of the time. Usually, this failure is credited to lack of understanding about the strong role of culture and the role it plays in organizations. Thats one of the reasons that many strategic planners now place as much emphasis on identifying strategic values as they do mission and vision. To a lesser degree, an organizational structure can get in the way of, or support, the overall success of your projects. This is a lesser problem because, to a certain extent, you can change your organizational structure. In fact, you can change the organization chart frequently, and some companies do just that. Culture, on the other hand, is not easily changed. It can take years for a large organization to develop a culture of excellence. Some organizational structures can definitely impair your ability to deliver projects. First are those organizations whose project teams are doing to support work. If your project organization does support as well, it usually means that support issues will pop up and take the focus away from the project. A lot of multitasking and thrashing takes place as you move from support work to project work to support work. It’s usually very difficult to prepare good estimates and meet your scheduling commitments. You may be forced into this structure if your staff is small. For example, a company for instance, has 15 people who worked on support, projects, and enhancements. However, they didn’t have enough people to specialize in either support or project work. This made it difficult to meet all of the project commitments. Instead, employees had to do a good job of managing expectations. Organizational structure may also prevent the ability to share resources. For instance, if your project team needs a resource with a specific expertise, you may not be able to easily share that person with another functional area. Some of this is also related to your culture. Ask yourself whether a different organizational structure would help. If it would, you may have an organization problem. If it wouldnt help, your culture is probably not supportive of resource sharing. Creating positive culture in an organization is a competitive advantage. Organizations with a positive culture are proven to be more productive. Many organizations are implementing participative management. More recently, the concept of empowerment has added to participative management by encouraging employees to internalize their organizations culture and make independent decisions. Empowerment can be an integral element of organizational culture change. Good leaders and good followers are necessary for empowerment to be influential in developing an organization with a strong culture. Experts suggest managers with empowered people on their staff are more effective. They achieve more of their objectives and they achieve them more easily. Empowerment embodies the concepts of internal motivation, internal justification for decision making, shared responsibilities, and integration for problem solving. As employees mature in an organization, they gain more knowledge, internalize justification for the actions they take, and become more intrinsically motivated. Besides this internalization process, employees tend to take a more active role in intervening in the actions of newer employees and offering feedback regarding culture-consistent behaviors. Managers should recognize this model in their organizations and manage their employees accordingly. Reference Jeffrey Kerr. (1987). Managing corporate culture through reward systems. Academy of management Executive, 1(2), 99-108. Daft, R.L. (2008). Management. Canada: Nelson Education. Heithfield, Initials. (2006). culture enviorment. Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/organizationalculture Freeman, Initials. (2008). Environment ethics and business . 5-10. Schachter, Initials. (2005). The importance of understanding organizational culture. Retrieved from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0FWE/is_6_9/ai_n1

2014-2016 Ebola Crisis: US Preparedness

2014-2016 Ebola Crisis: US Preparedness   The 2014-2016 Ebola Crisis and the Effects on U.S. Emergency Preparedness The 2014-2016 Ebola crisis in West Africa proved to be a difficult lesson for the African countries affected as well as for the state of U.S. emergency preparedness when dealing with a relatively unknown infectious disease. Erupting from within a Guinean prefecture in December of 2013, the disease would spread through Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia unchecked due to lack of awareness and emergency preparation due to the unfamiliarity of the disease (Baize et al., 2014). The World Health Organization, Doctors without Borders, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, among others, would collaborate with regional government and public health officials to contain the disease, but the efforts would require extensive time, funding, education, and preparation, and would ultimately result in the loss of over 11,000 lives (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, 2016). It would be the largest Ebola outbreak known to date. While U.S. public health agencies and military b ased support would play a crucial role in the end to the outbreak in 2016, the U.S. would have to come to terms with its own lack of planning and emergency preparedness when dealing with an imported infectious disease, and the fear and reservations that plagued its people and healthcare systems in its aftermath. Emergency preparedness has been shaped by a myriad of natural disasters, epidemics, and pandemics that have sieged not only countries, but entire continents. It is the journey in discovering how to approach, contain, treat, and prevent these mass health crises from re-occurring in the future, that has given rise to the complex and unique strategies that keep the general population safe.   These advances in prevention and containment, uncovered particularly in the wake of epidemics and pandemics such as the plague, Spanish Influenza, SARS, and as highlighted in this report, Ebola Virus Disease, prove that the protective measures that responders on the front line must implement to keep disaster at bay, must remain adaptable and ever fluid. The West African Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016 encroached upon the fears and concerns of continental Americans as never before in history. An elusive disease only known by most to be a worry of inhabitants of the sub-Saharan regions of the African continent, Ebola was now knocking on America’s doorstep.   Ã‚  To understand and properly weigh the gravity of the Ebola outbreak, a general understanding of the virus and most recent outbreak is warranted. Ebola virus disease is one of two members of the Filoviridae virus family and is comprised of five differing variations within itself (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).   First discovered within Africa in 1976 when two variations of the virus led to outbreaks, the Sudan viral strain, or SUDV within South Sudan, and the Ebola virus strain, or EBOV, in the Democratic Republic of Congo, were introduced (Cenciarelli et al., 2015). The spread of the virus among humans is via contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, vomit, feces, sweat, and urine, or contaminated fomites (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). However, the originating vectors are believed to be fruit bats, which are commonly hunted and eaten as wild game in some areas of Africa, and otherwise known as bushmeat (Saà ©z et al., 2014).    Upon exposure to the virus, the incubation period prior to onset of symptoms ranges anywhere from 2 to 21 days, with symptoms tending to manifest by day 8 through day 10 post-exposure (Signs and Symptoms | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC, 2014). It has been identified that infected individuals are not contagious while asymptomatic (Cenciarelli et al., 2015).   Ã‚  The tell-tale symptoms of Ebola virus primarily begin with fever, which progresses to onset of profuse diarrhea and vomiting usually after 3 to 5 days of fever (Chertow et al., 2014).   Accompanied with pain, lethargy, and secondary complications (including hemorrhaging) that occur if the patient is not given supportive treatment, the rapid deterioration in health that transpires due to hypovolemia, shock, or multi-organ failure, will ultimately lead to death (Chertow et al., 2014).   Survivors of the virus tend to improve near day 10 of active viral symptoms and are generally expected to live once they have made it to day 13 (Chertow et al., 2014). Those that do not improve and succumb to the virus tend to pass away between days 7 and 12 of viral infection (Chertow et al., 2014). The case fatality rates for the Ebola virus range anywhere from 50% to 90%, and to date there is still no definitive cure available (World Health Organization, 2018). The unfolding of the 2014-2016 crisis was fast, and the virus rampant by the time the nature of the culprit had been properly unmasked.   Ã‚  A sudden rash of illness exhibiting the characteristics of a filovirus, was first reported by health agencies within the Guà ©ckà ©dou and Macenta prefectures in Guinea in March of 2014, raising the initial red flag of outbreak (Baize et al., 2014).   A team of professionals was sent to the area in mid-March by Medecins sans Frontieres, also known as â€Å"Doctors without Borders†, and research began that same month to uncover the cause of the illnesses (Baize et al., 2014).  Ã‚   Coinciding with the beginning of surveillance and research of the outbreak of illness by Doctors without Borders in March of 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC, also arrived on deck with a small team, lending an additional hand with research and guidance to the Guinean government. The CDC had already maintained a supportive presence in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, due to the assistance that it offered in vaccination of the population, and other public health related programs including combating diseases such as malaria and polio (Bell et al, 2016).   Alongside the World Health Organization, UNICEF and International Federation of Red Cross partners, a structured, five-pronged investigation emerged, with the Guinean government primarily orchestrating the response efforts (Dahl et al., 2016).   Extensive investigation and contact tracing led the researchers to surmise that the illness was in fact the EBOV, or Ebola virus, and that the suspected â€Å"patient zero† was a 2-year old from Meliandou in the Guà ©ckà ©dou prefecture (Baize et al., 2014). The toddler had succumbed to the virus in December of 2013, with the second through fourth victims passing afterwards the following January, all within the same prefecture of Guà ©ckà ©dou (Baize et al., 2014).   The agencies worked side by side with the Guinean Ministries of Health to get ahead of the outbreak, as surveillance methods in the region demanded strengthening to debilitate the spread of a disease known to have high case fatality rates, exhibiting at that time an initial 71% case fatality rate (Baize et al., 2014). The CDC, alongside the other agencies worked to support the various villages, towns, and districts through continued tracing of contacts, providing education regarding contact precautions, safety when isolating those that were ill or potentially ill, as well as options for handling the deceased with care (Bell et al, 2016).   Researchers were able to discover that it was a healthcare worker, or the 14th victim, that initiated the spread of EBOV outside of the Guà ©ckà ©dou boundaries, with further incidences popping up in surrounding areas such as Kissidougou and Macenta (Baize et al., 2014). Research indicated that at the close of March, there were well over 100 potential EBOV cases in Guinea, with almost 80 dead (Baize et al., 2014).    The voracity at which the disease spread would be fueled by unchecked traveling of contacts between Guinea and its surrounding countries, as well as individuals and healthcare workers in contact with the homes, surroundings, and families of those sick or becoming sick, unaware that the illness was in fact Ebola, and extremely infectious (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015).   By April of 2014, the presence of Ebola had been officially confirmed in Sierra Leone and Liberia (Bell et al, 2016).   The first case of Ebola in Sierra Leone is believed to have been a woman that attended the burial of the â€Å"patient zero† in Meliandou in December of 2013 (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015). The woman was apparently still in the home of the family of the first case when they too fell ill, and later returned to her home in Sierra Leone, where she subsequently became sick and passed away (Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others, 2015).   The Lofa County in Liberia, which skirts the Guinean border, was able to confirm its first cases of Ebola at the end of March 2014 (A timeline of the Ebola outbreak, 2014). By the end of April 2014, there were well over 200 cases across the region, however it appeared that the amount of cases was stabilizing, and on the decline in areas such as Liberia (Briand et al., 2014, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). However, after the next two months of apparent stability, reporting indicated a renewed upward trend in Ebola cases, and the fresh report of confirmed Ebola cases in the city of Monrovia, the heavily populated capital of Liberia, unveiled an exploding time bomb of infection (Liberia: A country-and its capital-are overwhelmed with Ebola cases, 2015). Even with the best efforts of all participating agencies, it had become elusive to keep up with the massive chains of potential contacts, and with the disease now appearing in Monrovia, Liberia, the city was found to be ill-prepared to deal with such a contagion, allowing it to spread like wildfire (World Health Organization, 2015). It is notable to mention that West Africa had not experienced an Ebola outbreak of any measurable magnitude, and the experience and lessons in containing the disease were bestowed upon those countries such as the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Uganda (World Health Organization, 2015). Monrovia’s major health center was in desperate need of repairs and had limited resources, in turn opening the door for widespread infection of healthcare personnel on top of the patient care load (Liberia: A country-and its capital-are overwhelmed with Ebola cases, 2015).   With the onset of July, cases of Ebola doubled in Liberia, and a rising trend of infection persisted in Guinea and Sierra Leone (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). This rash of new cases that now plagued the region prompted the CDC to employ an Emergency Operations Center, or EOC, on July 9th, 2014 (Dahl et al., 2016). The engagement of this operation led the CDC to forward task an increased presence of personnel to directly assist the regional governments, supplying epidemiologists, laboratory scientists and a plethora of supportive staff (Dahl et al., 2016). WHO, UNICEF, and Doctors without Borders remained prominently active during the amplification of support, and with the increased presence of American aid, all agencies worked tirelessly with the local government leaders and Ministries of Health to establish a much-needed emergency management plan capable of supporting and withstanding the outbreak (Dahl et al., 2016). As the supportive efforts amongst first responders and the new cases of Ebola both drew to a fervor in the early summer of 2014, American citizens and other countries became aware of the uniqueness of this Ebola outbreak.   Word spread globally of the first case of Ebola transported into Nigeria in July of 2014 (Fasina et al.,2014). Flying from Liberia to Nigeria after exposure to the disease, the individual was symptomatic in flight, and succumbed to the illness just 5 days after the flight into Nigeria (Fasina et al.,2014). The individual was Patrick Sawyer, an American citizen from Minnesota (Man Who Died of Ebola in Nigeria Was American Citizen: Wife, 2014). A native of Liberia, but an American citizen, Mr. Sawyer had been working and living in Liberia, while his wife and children continued to reside in the United States (Minnesota Man Who Died of Ebola in Nigeria Was American Citizen: Wife, 2014).   On July 31st, 2014, a few days after the death of Patrick Sawyer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a class 3 travel warning, advising against travel to the affected region, and highlighting measures being taken to screen travelers leaving the region to ensure that they are not infected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). Along with this advisory, the CDC also reported an additional advisory issued to U.S. healthcare workers, to address protocols to be followed when addressing the possibility of encountering potentially infected patients (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). As confirmed cases throughout the affected region peaked to over 1300, with over 700 dead, the CDC announced in the July 2014 advisory that the United States would continue to work with international partners over the next several years to help strengthen and enhance emergency response efforts in the region, with the president of the United States aiming to dedicate $45 million dollars towards the cause (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014, 2016).   The steps that the United States would need to take to ensure its own readiness to handle Ebola would soon be put to the test, when around the same time that the CDC issued its health alert and travel advisory, it was announced that two American healthcare workers had contracted Ebola while stationed in Monrovia, Liberia (CBS/AP,2014). In late July of 2014, Dr. Kent Brantly, a doctor employed in a post-residency position with the aid group Samaritan’s Purse, became infected with Ebola while serving as a medical director in relief efforts in the area (CBS/AP,2014).   Nancy Writebol, an aid worker with the group called Serving in Mission, had also contracted Ebola in the same timeframe while working as a hygienist in the Samaritan’s Purse Ebola care center (CBS/AP,2014). Plans immediately commenced to arrange for the workers to be transported back to the United States to continue supportive care (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). As part of the CDC’s recent health alert, healthcare agencies within the United States were advised to inquire of patients if they have recently traveled to or from the West African region within the prior 21-day timeframe (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014). The CDC stressed the importance of healthcare provider awareness of the signs and symptoms of Ebola, as well as activation of isolation and contact procedures immediately upon any suspicion of the disease (2014). Just as West Africa had never experienced an Ebola outbreak, the CDC was also aware that U.S. healthcare facilities had never dealt with the Ebola disease head on, and problems could arise if facilities were not properly equipped to handle infected patients (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2017).   Thus, in planning for the transport of Dr. Brantly and Mrs. Writebol, plans were cemented to arrange for their arrival at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). Emory University Hospital is one of four facilities across the United States that can treat patients diagnosed with highly infectious diseases (Courage, 2014). The two-room isolation unit housed within Emory Hospital, and constructed in hand with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, provides an optimal environment for healthcare personnel and patients when managing infectious diseases (Courage, 2014). Touting state of the art digital pressure monitoring, negative air pressure and HEPA filtration, a safe zone workspace and prep area, contained bathroom facilities, and specialized laboratory space, workers can essentially care for a patient without risk of any contact with the remainder of the facility (Courage, 2014). Regarding medical waste, which is a key concern when dealing with highly infectious cases, the hospital dilutes all bodily waste in toilets with bleach for a set period prior to flushing, and all other items to include personal protective equipment from staff, and other solid items are sanitized and then incinerated (Courage, 2014).   The remaining three facilities across the United States with comparable biocontainment facilities include the National Institutes of Health’s Special Clinical Studies Unit located in Bethesda, MD, the University of Nebraska Medical Centers Biocontainment Patient Care Unit, and Saint Patrick Hospital in Missoula, MT (Courage, 2014).   As Dr. Brantly arrived at Emory University Hospital at the end of July 2014, followed by Mrs. Writebol in the first week of August, President Obama addressed the United States regarding the outbreak, assuring the American public that screening precautions in airports were in effect in West Africa and in the United States to reduce the risk of infected individuals entering the country   (Achenbach, Dennis, & Hogan, 2014). By the 8th of August in 2014, the West African Ebola Virus epidemic had become extreme enough for the World Health Organization to make an international announcement, that the situation had now become an emergency detrimental to public health (Cenciarelli et al., 2015.)   By this time, the total cases over the region equated to just over 1700, with deaths rising to near 1000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).   The numbers of cases and deaths associated with the current outbreak exceeded the worst Ebola outbreak previously documented in Uganda in the year 2000, where there were 425 cases and 244 deaths (Bell et al., 2016). The implementation of this Public Health Emergency of International Concern, or PHEIC, by the World Health Organization, is a deliberate tool meant to be used when disaster calls (Briand et al., 2014).   Meant to put emergency plans into action with the assistance of international partners, the beginning of collaborative efforts would begin to aid in mitigating the toll that the virus has taken on the affected countries.   In response to the emergency declaration by the World Health Organization, the CDC would in turn increase the amount of personnel that it had deployed to the area (Dahl et al., 2016). The White House followed suit with an official press release detailing the U.S. response to the crisis. On September 16, 2014, the White House relayed the expansion of funding and support to the evolving outbreak (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014). Along with supplying additional U.S. funding to bring a total of almost $175 million invested collectively towards various supportive efforts, the White House also activated a cell of U.S. Africa Command personnel to provide on ground support in Liberia to arrange operational oversight of the U.S. based activities aligned with response efforts (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014). The press release also entailed the deployment of additional personnel through the U.S Disaster Assistance Response Team, or DART, as well as the supply of care kits, training, and the institution of additional Ebola Treatment Units, as well as laboratory support (The White House Office of the Press Secretary, 2014).   The latter only briefly touches on some of the response efforts engaged by the U.S. in support of the affected region, however the need for effective emergency management measures would hit home, when just days after the White House press release, a man whom had recently traveled from Liberia to Texas to attend his son’s graduation, would arrive at the emergency room of Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital in Dallas, TX (Chevalier et al., 2014, VOA News, 2014). Texas Health Presbyterian’s ER would send Thomas Duncan home after treating him for what was believed to be sinusitis (Chevalier et al., 2014). Presenting to the ER with a fever, headache and stomach pain, Mr. Duncan had informed the staff that he had recently arrived from Africa, and while this information was documented in his record, the ER physician at that time somehow overlooked it, and did not conclude that Ebola virus disease should be suspected (Dallas News, 2014). The hospital would later acknowledge this oversight, as three days later, Mr. Duncan would be transported to the Texas Presbyterian Hospital’s ER, this time via ambulance, with an exacerbation of symptoms to include vomiting and diarrhea (Dallas News, 2014, VOA News, 2014). This time, Mr. Duncan’s recent arrival from Liberia would be accounted for in his medical assessment, and subsequent testing would conclude that he was in fact infected with Ebola (Dallas News, 2014).   Further exposing the fissures within the handling of this case, the hospital’s holding company later acknowledged that the clinician training regarding the Ebola virus had been available but was not required of staff at the time when Mr. Duncan presented to the facility (Dallas News, 2014).   The facility was also aware of the CDC health alert from July of 2014 that stressed the possibility of an infected traveler arriving in America due to the magnitude of the outbreak, and the need for American healthcare facilities to be on the lookout for the very symptoms Mr. Duncan presented with on September 25th, 2014 (Dallas News, 2014).   As a result, numerous people would need to be traced and evaluated relating to their contact with Mr. Duncan during his travel and after his arrival to Dallas, TX.   As Texas responders and the CDC personnel worked to trace the 48 potential contacts for Mr. Duncan, the man would eventually succumb to the disease on October 8th, 2014, becoming America’s first death from Ebola Virus Disease (VOA News, 2014.)   Some experts say that the initial misdiagnosis of Mr. Duncan is due to human error, since travel should have been an essential question asked of the patient upon assessment by the physician (Dallas news, 2014). However other experts acknowledge the difficulty of identifying a disease that has never been diagnosed on American soil (Dallas news, 2014). It was more than likely a combination of these factors that led to the results of Mr. Duncan’s case, and while Texas health officials dealt with the missteps of the event, just 3 days after Mr. Duncan’s death, one of the nurses that participated in his care would be diagnosed with Ebola, with a second nurse testing positive 4 days after the first (McCarty et al., 2014). The second nurse diagnosed with Ebola after taking care of Mr. Duncan, reported that she had traveled to Ohio from Texas prior to her diagnosis (McCarty et al., 2014).   Enlisting the CDC to support in guidance and training, Ohio public health officials began the process of tracing contacts (McCarty et al., 2014).   Learning through first-hand experience how to identify and monitor individuals that may have interacted with the infected nurse, as well as how to prepare local health facilities regarding ability to properly triage, isolate, and safely transport infected patients, Ohio officials hoped to avert a crisis while assuring the protection of healthcare staff and the general population (McCarty et al., 2014). The total effort in Ohio was extensive and required cooperation from a considerable portion of the state’s counties, with 164 contacts to follow (McCarty et al., 2014). While most of the facilities were determined to be ready to act in the event of an active case of Ebola, the transportation plans and other points of coordination such as transfers between various agencies needed to be established, and the information gleaned from this real-world scenario exemplified the necessity for healthcare facilities to have these forms of emergency preparedness already in place (McCarty et al., 2014). As the number of Ebola cases continued to escalate in the West African region, with confirmed diagnoses reaching over 8,000 into the first couple weeks of October 2014, and deaths numbering over 4,000, the American public attempted to process that two of its own had contracted Ebola on U.S. soil (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).   Fear pervaded the comfort zones of many Americans. Some protested allowing anyone from the African continent to travel to the United States, while others feared encountering individuals that had been anywhere near Africa (Sanburn, 2014). During the various stages of emergency preparedness in Ohio after the turn of events surrounding Mr. Duncan, one business closed when it was learned that an employee was a contact of the Ebola-positive nurse from Texas (Sanburn, 2014). The fear of infection also hit healthcare workers particularly hard. As the investigation ensued into how the two nurses in Texas acquired the Ebola virus, despite employing protective measures, the uncertainty regarding the reliability and proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) against Ebola, was compounded with the question of whether training among healthcare personnel was effectively being implemented (Fernandez, 2014).   Both nurses recovered from the disease, and the biocontainment ready facilities in Nebraska and Atlanta would carry on to successfully treat up to 11 total Ebola-positive patients transferred from the West African region by April of 2015 (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015).   The successful treatment and ability to prevent cross-infection of other healthcare workers proved that the U.S. could properly manage an uncommon infectious disease abroad and at home. However the initial problems that led to the fear and uncertainty of the aftermath of Ebola virus disease within the United States, point to unfamiliarity with the disease in general, as well as lack of preparedness at a level that allowed for proper management of a highly infectious patient from the moment they present to a healthcare facility to diagnosis and commensurate care (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015). Management of Ebola virus demands an intricately woven web of planning and preparation that not only carries the foresight of how to identify potential cases, but how to prepare healthcare staff to properly protect themselves and use PPE, how and when to arrange the transport of a patient while preserving a chain of clean and safe hand-off with all involved agencies, and how to conserve the safety of all personnel throughout (Hewett, Varkey, Smith, & Ribner, 2015). This lesson hearkens to the explosion of the outbreak in West Africa as well. Unfamiliar with Ebola virus, many care centers in the affected region attributed initial cases of Ebola to more familiar diseases endemic to the area, such as malaria and yellow fever (World Health Organization, 2015). A combination of initial misinterpretation of disease, lack of effective protocols that would have prevented the continuous spread of cases in both the healthcare facilities and in the civilian sector, populations were simply unaware of the gravity of the situation until it was too late (World Health Organization, 2015). The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak highlighted the need within the United States to filter more time, attention, and funding into research and planning to deal with unique public health emergencies such as Ebola virus (Gostin, Hodge, & Burris, 2015). U.S. assistance via the CDC, U.S. public health affiliates and aid organizations, in hand with military support, was crucial to the eventual containment of the Ebola crisis in West Africa. Clinical trials would lead to the implementation of a promising vaccination against Ebola known as ZMapp, however a cure remains out of reach to date (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016). As the outbreak finally died out in 2016, with over 28,000 cases and over 11,000 deaths collectively, a haunting reminder of mistakes and lessons learned would follow all agencies and countries involved (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016).   The phoenix that would arise from this event is the understanding that the United States would be required to fortify its public health awareness and planning, along with tightening emergency preparedness protocols to remain ahead of the inevitability that one day, another infectious disease may find its way to America’s doorstep. References Achenbach, J., Dennis, B., & Hogan, C. (2014, August 02). Special air ambulance to carry American Ebola victims to Atlanta for treatment. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/us-confirms-2-americans-with-ebola-coming-home-for-treatment/2014/08/01/c20a27cc-1995-11e4-9e3b-7f2f110c6265_story.html?utm_term=.da406c3c7030 A timeline of the Ebola outbreak. (2014, November 29). Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-10-22/ebola-timeline-worst-outbreak-in-history/5831876 Bell BP, Damon IK, Jernigan DB, et al. Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic. MMWR Suppl 2016;65(Suppl-3):4–11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su6503a2 Briand, S., Bertherat, E., Cox, P., Formenty, P., Kieny, M. P., Myhre, J. K., & Dye, C. (2014). The international Ebola emergency. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(13), 1180-1183. CBS/AP. (2014, July 27). Two Americans infected with deadly Ebola virus in West Africa. Retrieved from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-doctor-in-west-africa-contracts-deadly-ebola-virus/ Cenciarelli, O., Pietropaoli, S., Malizia, A., Carestia, M., D’Amico, F., Sassolini, A., & Palombi, L. (2015). Ebola virus disease 2013-2014 outbreak in west Africa: an analysis of the epidemic spread and response. International journal of microbiology, 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, April 07). Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHFs). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/virus-families/filoviridae.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, July 28). CDC Newsroom. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/t0728-ebola.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, July 31). CDC Newsroom. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/p0731-ebola.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2016, April 14). Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/previous-case-counts.htmlhttps://www.cdc.gov/mmWR/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6346a9.htm Chertow, D. S., Kleine, C., Edwards, J. K., Scaini, R., Giuliani, R., & Sprecher, A. (2014). Ebola virus disease in West Africa—clinical manifestations and management. New England Journal of Medicine, 371(22), 2054-2057. Chevalier, M. S., Chung, W., Smith, J., Weil, L. M., Hughes, S. M., Joyner, S. N., & Threadgill, H. (2014). Ebola virus disease cluster in the United StatesDallas County, Texas, 2014.  MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report,  63(46), 1087-1088. Courage, K. H. (2014, October 24). Inside the 4 U.S. Biocontainment Hospitals That Are Stopping Ebola [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/inside-the-4-u-s-biocontainment-hospitals-that-are-stopping-ebola-video/ Dahl BA, Kinzer MH, Raghunathan PL, et al. CDC’s Response to the 2014–2016 Ebola Epidemic — Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. MMWR Suppl 2016;65(Suppl-3):12–20. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.su6503a3 Dallas News. (2014, December 07). ER doctor discusses role in Ebola patients initial misdiagnosis. Retrieved from https://www.dallasnews.com/news/news/2014/12/06/er-doctor-discusses-role-in-ebola-patients-initial-misdiagnosis Ebola in Sierra Leone: A slow start to an outbreak that eventually outpaced all others. (2015, November 10). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/sierra-leone/en/ Fasina, F. O., Shittu, A., Lazarus, D., Tomori, O., Simonsen, L., Viboud, C., & Chowell, G. (2014). Transmission dynamics and control of Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria, July to September 2014.  Eurosurveillance,  19(40), 20920. Fernandez, M. (2014, October 12). 2nd Ebola Case in U.S. Stokes Fears of Health Care Workers. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/us/texas-health-worker-tests-positive-for-ebola.html Freedman, A. (2014, October 16). Americas 4 Ebola Hospitals Can Only Hold 9 Patients. Retrieved from https://mashable.com/2014/10/16/ebola-us-hospital-capacity/#jlTEhWW9igq9 Frieden, T. R., & Damon, I. K. (2015). Ebola in West Africa—CDC’s Role in Epidemic Detection, Control, and Prevention. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 21(11), 1897–1905. http://doi.org/10.3201/eid2111.150949 Gostin, L. O., Hodge, J. G., & Burris, S. (2014). Is the United States Prepared for Ebola?.  Jama,  312(23), 2497-2498. Hewlett, A. L., Varkey, J. B., Smith, P. W., & Ribner, B. S. (2015). Ebola virus disease: preparedness and infection control lessons learned from two biocontainment units.  Current opinion in infectious diseases,  28(4), 343. Liberia: A country-and its capital-are overwhelmed with Ebola cases. (2015, October 01). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/liberia/en/ Man Who Died of Ebola in Nigeria Was American Citizen: Wife. (2014, July 29). Retrieved from https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ebola-virus-outbreak/man-who-died-ebola-nigeria-was-american-citizen-wife-n167546 McCarty, C. L., Basler, C., Karwowski, M., Erme, M., Nixon, G., Kippes, C., & Stone, N. D. (2014). Response to importation of a case of Ebola virus disease—Ohio, October 2014.  Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,  63(46), 1089-1091. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). (2017, July 17). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/su/su6503a8.htm Response to Importation of a Case of Ebola Virus Disease Ohio, October 2014. (2014, November 14). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm63e1114a6.htm Saà ©z, A. M., Weiss, S., Nowak, K., Lapeyre, V., Zimmermann, F., Dà ¼x, A., & Sachse, A. (2014). Investigating the zoonotic origin of the West African Ebola epidemic. EMBO molecular medicine, e201404792. Sanburn, J. (2014, October 20). Ebola: Psychology of Fear During Disease Outbreak. Retrieved from http://time.com/3525666/ebola-psychology-fear-symptoms/ Signs and Symptoms | Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever | CDC. (2014, November 2). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/index.html The White House Office of the Press Secretary. (2014, September 16). FACT SHEET: U.S. Response to the Ebola Epidemic in West Africa. Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/16/fact-sheet-us-response-ebola-epidemic-west-africa U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2016, October 13). Study finds Ebola treatment ZMapp holds promise, although results not definitive. Retrieved from https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/study-finds-ebola-treatment-zmapp-holds-promise-although-results-not-definitive VOA News. (2014, October 08). Liberian Man Infected with Ebola Dies at Texas Hospital. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/second-un-staffer-infected-iwth-ebola-in-liberia/2476380.html World Health Organization. (2015, September 22). Factors that contributed to undetected spread of the Ebola virus and impeded rapid containment. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/one-year-report/factors/en/ World Health Organization. (2018, January). Ebola virus disease. Retrieved  March  1, 2018, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/

OLD GRINGO :: essays research papers

the editor of the Journal mentioned above, Dr. Earl H. Elam, made a systematic search of records in the Presidio County courthouse and found no trace of anyone with a name resembling Bierce having died there during that period. Importantly, Elam also spent a lengthy period in the military records at the National Archives in Washington, D. C. during 1989. While there he located and recovered reams of documentation concerning military activities on both sides of the Big Bend of the Rio Grande border during the Mexican revolution, but he found no trace of Ambrose Bierce having died at Marfa, or anywhere else for that matter. Nevertheless, Bierce probably did see Marfa, Texas, one time. It was from a train coach window as he passed through on his way to El Paso during November. Certainly, he never returned. The most rational explanation for the disappearance of Bierce is that he came north with Villa, arrived near Ojinaga on January 9, and was either slain during the battle on January 10 or that he died of natural causes sometime during that entire time frame. There is even a small piece of information that tends to prove this proposition: after the revolution several groups of investigators went into Mexico looking for Bierce. One method they used in their research was to interview former villistas who were known to have been at Chihuahua and then at Ojinaga during the same time that Bierce was believed to have been there. One officer, a man reportedly named Ybarra, when shown a photograph of Bierce, said that he had indeed seen him at Ojinaga but that after the assault on the federal garrison (which assault we do not know) he never saw him again. So, it is most reasonable to conclude that Ambrose Bierce died at Ojinaga. Many of the dead at Ojinaga were buried in trench graves. Many others however, were interlaced with dry wood, mostly vigas and wooden planks that had been taken from the wrecked structures in Ojinaga, then doused with kerosene and set afire on the plaza de armas in front of the Nuestra Padre de Jesà ºs church. So, was Bierce’s body burned to ashes, or was he buried in an unmarked grave? It is doubtful that anyone will ever know. Doubtful I said, not certain. For tantalizing clues are occasionally brought to light. There is, for example, that piece of information concerning the execution of an old American journalist by huertista soldiers in an old mining village of northern Zacatecas.

Promoting Family Values in Macbeth Essay example -- Macbeth essays

Promoting Family Values in Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, was first printed in 1623, and is a play that is confrontational and disturbing to the values of the audience. Values such as truth, masculinity, security and goodness are all implied in the play, as their opposites are shown to be destructive and life shattering. Of all of Shakespeare’s plays, Macbeth is the one most obsessively concerned with evil. It is dark, brooding and bloodthirsty; by way of illustration, the only function of the messenger to Lady MacDuff is to prepare the audience for bloodshed. Blood in itself is considered an evil image and it aids in character development, as seen in the description of Macbeth at the start. According to Duncan, gutting someone like a fish is worthy of praise such as â€Å"Oh valiant cousin, Oh worthy Gentleman!† To the people of the age, being able to kill someone with such skill is a good thing†¦ of course, it does mean that Macbeth has the potential to snap. The evil imagery in the play also helps with the rising tension – the old man’s description of the horses devouring each other is a prime example of this. Macbeth himself is essentially evil as well; when he knows he is going to die, instead of taking the honorable way out by committing suicide he decides to take as many people with him as he can. It is somewhat ironic therefore that â€Å"Macbeth† means â€Å"son of life†. The evil that Macbeth and Lady Macbeth create within themselves means that the audience is made to experience the psychological emptiness involved in committing a murder. Evil is inevitably destructive, but it is also self-destructive. By murdering Duncan, Macbeth is destroying himself; his â€Å"single state of man† is shaken by his... ...elm.   Criticism on Shakespeare s Tragedies . A Course  Ã‚     of Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. London: AMS Press, Inc., 1965.  Ã‚   Shakespeare, William.   Tragedy of Macbeth . Ed. Barbara Mowat and Paul  Ã‚   Warstine. New York: Washington Press, 1992.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steevens, George. Shakespeare, The Critical Heritage. Vol. 6. London:  Ã‚   Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.  Ã‚   T.W. Shakespeare, the Critical Heritage. Vol. 5. London: Routledge & Kegan  Ã‚   Paul, 1979.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wills, Gary. Witches & Jesuits. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.     Epstein, Norrie, The Friendly Shakepeare, New York, Viking Publishing, 1993. Harbage, Alfred, Macbeth, Middlesex England, Penguin Publishing, 1956. Magill, Masterplots- Volume 6, New Jersey, Salem Press, 1949. Staunten, Howard, The Complet Illustrated Shakespeare, New York, Park Lane Publishing, 1979.      

Gallium :: essays research papers

Gallium 1871 Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendelev predicts the existance and properties of the element after zinc in the periodic table. He Gives it the name "eka aluminium". 1875 Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran discovers gallium. Its properties closely match those predicted by Mendelev. Gallium, atomic number 31, is very similar to aluminum in its chemical properties. It does not dissolve in nitric acid because of the protective film of gallium oxide that is formed over the surface by the action of the acid. Gallium does however dissolve in other acids, and alkalies. Gallium was discovered (1875) by Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who observed its principal spectral lines while examining material seperated from zinc blende. Soon after he isolated the metal studied its properties, which coincided those that Dmitrii Ivanovich Mendelev had predicted a few years earlier for eka-aluminium, the then undiscovered element lying between aluminum and indium in his periodic table. Though widely distributed at the Earth's surface, gallium does not occor free or concentrated in independant minerals, except for gallite. It is extracted as a by-product from zinc blende, iron pyrites, bauxite, and germanite. Silvery white and soft enough to be cut with a knife, gallium takes on a bluish tinge because of superficial oxidation. Unusual for its low melting point ( about 30 degrees C, 86 degrees F ), gallium also expands upon solidification and supercools readily, remaining a liquid at temperatures as low as 0 degrees C ( 32 degrees F ). Gallium has the longest usefull liquid range of any element. The liquid metal clings to glass and similar surfaces. The crystal structure of gallium is orthorhombic. Natural gallium consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 ( 60.4 percent ) and gallium-71 (39.6 percent ). Somewhat similar to aluminum chemically, gallium slowly oxidizes in moist air until a protective film forms, and it becomes passive in cold nitric acid. Gallium has been considered as a possible heat-exchange medium in nuclear reactors, although it has a high neutron cross section. Radioactive gallium-72 shows some promise in the study of bone cancer; a compound of this isotope is absorbed by the cancerous portion of the bone. The most common use of gallium is in a gallium scan. Gallium scans are often used to diagnose and follow the progression of tumors or infections. Gallium scans can also be used to evaluate the heart, lungs, or any other organ that may be involved with inflammatory disease.

City Road Essay Essay

In your own words, define difference and inequality, and provide an example of each on City Road. This essay serves to define difference and inequality and provide an example of each within City Road, situated in Cardiff. It is clear that within city road, many differences are apparent, between the people that live and work there. From some of these differences, inequality can become apparent (The Open University, 2014). Difference and inequality although often associated in fact do not have the same meaning. Difference defined, is the contrasts between groups of people based on gender, class, age, sexuality, and race or ethnicity (Blakeley and Staples, 2014, P.25). In comparison inequality is the unequal distribution of primarily economic resources within a society or between societies themselves (Blakeley and Staples, 2014, P.25). City Road is home to many people of different gender, class, age, sexuality and race or ethnicities and different business types. It is these different business types that attract people for different reasons, for example Janet Symmons’ Xquisite Africa shop has been specifically designed to attract those of African ethnicity who may feel excluded from other shops on city road and want a place where they can purchase items from their native country (The Open University, 2014). In ‘The Life and Times of the Street: Part 1’, the Mackintosh centre which is now a sports club has an upper class history, the building makes it look expensive and exclusive, even though it tries to be inclusive to all in the community. This perception of it being expensive and a member’s only type establishment is why people feel they don’t belong at the Mackintosh centre. Reference List The Open University (2014) ‘Inequalities on the street’ [Video], DD102 Introducing the Social Sciences. Available at https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/oucontent/veiw.php?id=443760Â §ion=3.2(12/10/ 2014). Blakeley, G. and Staples, M. (2014) ‘The life and times of the street’, in Blakeley, G. and Allen, J. (eds) Understanding Social Lives, Part 1, Milton Keynes: The Open University.

Dystopian High Rise

Dystopian High switch off The novel High Rise indite by J. G. Ballard focuses on a great forty story apartment grammatical construction that houses thousands of people. Anthony Royal, who is the room decorator of the apartment, designed the building with shops, a school, swimming pools, and enough quadriceps femoris to admit an overwhelming amount of people. Ballard does not redeem the plot of High Rise in an attempt to illustrate the urban possibilities of current innovations or future novelties of our evolving world. Ballard expresses how a pertly designed building that seems as though it is a well thought divulge idea of a safe oasis stand turn into a dystopian underworld.A dystopian society is the idea of a community of people that live in miserable conditions of life, characterized by disease, pollution, oppression, war, violence, poverty, and the orderism of systematic secernment based on sex, age, or IQ. The mainstay in the novel houses the vision of a dystopia with the fictional characters depicted, and how the building is the agent that pushes the society within to turn into a felonious world. Through the eyes of health check school lecturer Dr. Robert Laing, we see how boor altercations between radixings quickly escalate into anarchy, vulgar violence, rape, and murder.Laing is stock-stilltually dragged into the lifestyle of the tower. Since everything for essential support is located within the tower, such as shops and swimming pools, Dr. Laing has no need to parting the building other than going to work. This entrapment in the building of many residents is the cause of this wide-open activity. The building is a small steep city (Ballard 15). Within the introduction of the novel, Laing states, that even being two miles from the city, the building that he resides in feels as if the tower were in a different world, in epoch and as well as space (Ballard 15).The high-rise in turn becomes an spring world separating the people l iving intimate from the real city giving them the higher(prenominal) chances of confrontation. What we perceive as development through the creation of a structure that can work independently for the common health of society, comes with a price to pay. With all tender classism in the world, the High Rise becomes a part of the dreadful tradition. Ballards dystopia is change integrity into three classes upper, middle, and lower class. The upper portion, floors 36 to 40, of the building is where the upper class resides in, this includes the architect Anthony Royal.The middle class subdivision, Where Dr. Laing lives, is located from the tenth floor to the 35th floor, from the 10th floor swimming pool to the 35th floor restaurant deck. The swimming pool on floor 10 clearly organize the boundary for everyone under that floor, the lower class residents. The lower class is subjected to faulty sustainment where they go for days without electricity and communicate conditioning. The resi dents soon find themselves in a Lord of the Flies state of exigency where the different classes and levels of the tower are at war. Works Cited Ballard, J. G. High Rise. New York Liveright, 2012. Print.

Relationship Issue

Conflicts amidst population who express come out of the closetlooks of una interchangeable epochs often happen in the society and there be lots of situations when eve members of the same family who are supposed to be the close-set(prenominal) with to each one other, support opposite visions of the globe. However, misunderstanding groundwork always be construct over and warm dealing achieved as great as people pitch efforts into t wear.Flannery OConnors book Everything that Rises Must assemble deals with the relationship of a experience and her son and represents contradictions between them which arise from their incompatible outlooks on reality in which they are living and shows how they are un fitted to overcome them. Julian is a recent college graduate who lives with his concerned widowed mother who has put option her whole liveness sentence to raise him well and glide by him good education. The negate of Julian with his mother starts because she has a vision of animateness which is completely different from his.Julians mother lived according to the virtues of her own fantasy world away(predicate) of which he had neer seen her set foot. She built that sm every last(predicate) world for herself, not realizing that times withdraw changed and she necessary to adjust to them. She couldnt keep living in her little world forever and some time crisis was going to occur. Every time Julian do some remark about their present life and that it was different from what his mother had before, she only started remembering bygone times and past wealthy life which she employ to have Your great-grandfather was a former governor of this bow Your grandfather was a prosperous land-owner.Your grandmother was a Godhigh. However, its impossible to blame her for that- she cannot change, those ideas are in both case firmly fixed in her mind and Julian should have accepted them plainly he doesnt even try to that. No matter how such(prenominal) Ju lian tries to convince her that reality is completely different from those memories, she never wants to listen to him. However, instead of treating his mother with find and letting her have some weaknesses want any(prenominal) other person, he gets mad at her all the time.Everything what his mother says agitates Julian and he is unable to whistle to his mother without a olf propelory modality of frustration. Even though he takes her to a reducing class and listens to everything what she says, the find oneselfing of irritation doesnt leave him and he never feels at peace. His rude attitude towards everything what his mother says shows in most of the discussions in the novel. Will you look some you, he said tensely, and see where you are straight? and he swept his arm jerkily out to indicate the neighborhood, which the growing darkness at to the lowest degree made less dingy. Julian is mad at almost everything what his mother says. It becomes clear that as long as Julian an d his mother have different views on things, they will never be able to communicate peacefully and they will always have arguments. What really saves them from stopping communication at all, is quietness of Julians mother and her trying to overtop unkind words which her son says. Even though they express different outlooks and despite any awful features she has, she does show concern about her son and she rightfully hopes for his happy future.Julians mother is sure enough naive in that because there is hardly any future ahead of Julian but she believes in that like a child and she made sacrifices for him The law of her life was to sacrifice herself for him after she had first created the necessity to do so by making a sens of things All of her life had been a struggle to act like a Chestny and to give him everything she thought a Chestny ought to have without the goods a Chestny ought to have One of the principal(prenominal) points on which Julian and his mother contradict ar e issues of racism. In Julians point of view, color people have a right to do everything just like livid people.However, his mother doesnt share his point of view because she was brought up in a different society and believes they are inferior. This is once again the sign of her living in the past when she had a menacing nurse and whom she loved but cyphered her often lower than herself. This attitude can be trounce seen in the episode when Julian and his mother get on the lot. The bus is half-filled and when mother looks around, she sees only white people and becomes happy. She even says to the brothel keeper sitting undermentioned to her I see we have the bus to ourselves. Julian couldnt stand it when his mother said that and again felt shame for her words.She does her best to show her braggy attitude towards black people and doesnt consider them to be her equal. When a black man comes into the bus and another lady changes her seat to get away from him, Julians mother approves of that and thinks this is the way it should be done. The attitude of his mother perplexs Julian get thoughts of tough her which show to us that he extremely inhumane because a son cannot treat his mother like that. Julian thought he might make friends with some distinguished Negro professor or lawyer and bring him home to spend the level in order to make his mother feel miserable.He points to his mother that a black lady sitting in the bus has the same hat as she does and wants to make a point that black people can do everything just like white people, they are people of the same kind- but his mother doesnt understand that. However, the worst lesson which she gets is when she wants to give a coin to the little black male child and suffers from that because the boy dont take nobodys pennies and this mad moment leads to the end of the novel. In my opinion, it was possible for Julian and his mother to find ways to understand each other if the son at least put some effo rts into that.Despite of all his mothers faults, Julian should have been to a greater bound patient with her and he realizes that in the end of the novel when he understands he has lost her. He is not a paragon himself and since every human has weaknesses, he should have been more loving and kind with his mother because she gave birth to him and sacrificed more things for him. When he understands he remained alone, he realizes the whole crime of his situation- that he is completely lost in the world without his mother but there is nothing what he can change about that anymore, so the extent of his self-deception is fully confirmed.

Evolution of the Erp Systems Essay

American take and list crack nine (2001) defines ERP as an accountancy statement placement for trenchant proviso and arrogant of altogether the imaginativenesss require to take, make, post and account for node orders in a manufacturing, diffusion or help club. ERP frame creates value for the endeavours beca handling palmy instruction execution enhances the everywhither tot tout ensembley functions of the enterprise, reduces pick wastages, saves earned natural spring average and cuts go through on entire cost.By having a placement which models afterwards near of the beaver practices in the manufacture and adheres promptly to the laws and regulations, these enterprises encourage competitory advantages over their diligence rivals. The intend of this enquiry motif provides intelligence on how ERP trunks uprise from the past bequest arrangements, describes the features and grammatical construction of an ERP/ ERP II clay and comp bes the scr een basketb alone team ERP vendors approximately universal carrefours. The blend in branch concludes with the prospective sentinel of ERP II remainss. bequest agreementsbequest schemas ar frames that no long clog the menses rail line objectives or are inhibiting emerging learnings (Kelly 2004). The antique legacy schemes mentioned here touch on to the obsolescent I. T remainss during or forward the mid(prenominal) twentieth Century. They functioned inside a plane section (silos of education) to carry through minute and modified blood passagees. At that time, departmental heads and mental faculty seldom communicated among themselves (stovepipes). This take to ineffectual and inaccurate selective in relieve oneselfation duplications. (Oleary 2000). developing of the ERP placements ancient bequest governing bodys of the sixties employ the central processing unit engine room to alter their history master (IC) systems with IC computer package packages implement and customized in-house to font the passing(a) line of credit concepts of culture silos and stovepipes. The computer programing languages were COBOL, FORTRAN and ALGOL (Rashid, Hossain & Patrick 2002 Pairat 2005 monk and Wagner 2009). backside then, bill of poppycock (BOM) metric the blood line demands for all position move undeniable for product assemblies during manufacturing.By the 1970s, the manufacturing personal credit linees were increment with more(prenominal) complexities. As BOM lose the provision process, sour boil down Routing existed as a performance process planner. BOM, Routing, scrutinise perplexity and the whelm drudgery muniment (MPS) feature to form an machine-driven system called Manufacturing choice planning (MRP) for autocratic and optimizing record level, labor planning, gross revenue presage and scheduling of the major(ip) items on the entrepot floor. Anderson 2001). MRP II evolved from MRP as a resul t to match smell precaution (TQM) in the mid-eighties. By integrating MRP with the opposite attention functions of the enterprise such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Engineering, toil circumspection, Logistics, Finance, Sales, trade and benevolent Resources, feedbacks for deed ending fashioning processes became more efficient and resource optimizations were completed (Anderson 2001).The advancements in Telecommunications devices, lucre architecture, Database focussing dodge (DBMS), advanced software development and programming languages in UNIX and C paved the flourishing rivetsing for an integrate information system (Monk and Wagner 2009). economic recessional in the easy 1980s urged companies to transport their focus into miscegenation available work processes. In addition, hammering and Champy (1993) pictured an enterprise-wide integrating system for a craft performance Reengineering (BPE). These factors prompted the I.T System Vendors to move wit h a tightly knit centralized ERP system (with a atomic human body 53 database) which integrates all the functions of a world-wide organization to ensure operational excellence, mechanisation of the inside system and the capability to wait denary currencies and multinational languages (Subramoniam et al. 2009). Features and social system of An ERP/ ERP II System Nowadays, the era for ERP II systems has broaden ERP by adding applications for outside parties give the business proceedings and securities industry epitome to the magnetic core EPR modules.ERP system benefits moderate enterprises in all industries sooner of scarcely the great(p) organizations with applications such as customer consanguinity steering (CRM), release reach watchfulness (SCM), companionship Management (KM), origin optimisation the stay on (Mallick 2011 Nicolescu et al. 2009). ERP system and ERP II system use all Two-tier or Three-tier architecture.Two-tier client legion archite cture simplifies the number of different systems in an organization. An ERP theme runs on a host part several(prenominal) coincident users run the corresponding similar templet (equal server-load) in separate locations of the other(a) bed. finish up users work on the manifestation degree and task layer. portal to the Database layer is qualified from their PCs. (Anderson 2001 lamella 2011 Howitz 2010). Whereas Three-tier Architecture separates the Client-Tier (Presentation layer) from its masking server (Business logic layer) to lessen fundamental interaction in the midst of them.